Florida Lizards Identification Guide Common Species & More

Identifying the diverse lizard species found in Florida can be a fascinating yet sometimes challenging task. Florida's warm, subtropical climate provides a perfect habitat for a wide variety of lizards, both native and introduced. This comprehensive guide will delve into the most common types of lizards you might encounter in the Sunshine State, offering detailed descriptions, identifying characteristics, and insights into their behavior and habitats. Whether you're a nature enthusiast, a new resident of Florida, or simply curious about the reptiles in your backyard, this article will equip you with the knowledge to confidently answer the question: "What kind of lizard is this in Florida?"

Understanding Florida's Lizard Landscape

Florida's diverse ecosystems, ranging from swamps and marshes to forests and urban areas, support a rich array of lizard species. These reptiles play a crucial role in the state's ecology, acting as both predators and prey within the food web. Lizards help control insect populations, and they themselves serve as a food source for birds, snakes, and other animals. Before we dive into specific species, it's essential to understand the general categories of lizards found in Florida:

• Native Lizards: These are species that have naturally occurred in Florida for centuries, evolving and adapting to the local environment. Examples include the Green Anole, the Six-lined Racerunner, and various species of Skinks.
• Non-Native (Introduced) Lizards: These lizards have been brought to Florida, either intentionally or unintentionally, often through the pet trade or as stowaways on cargo ships. Some introduced species can become invasive, outcompeting native lizards for resources and disrupting the ecosystem. Common examples include the Brown Anole, the Cuban Knight Anole, and the Tokay Gecko.

Distinguishing between native and non-native lizards is crucial for understanding their impact on the environment. While native species are an integral part of the ecosystem, invasive species can pose a threat to biodiversity. Therefore, accurately identifying lizards is the first step in conservation efforts and responsible coexistence.

Common Native Lizards of Florida

Florida boasts a fascinating assortment of native lizard species, each with unique characteristics and ecological roles. Recognizing these lizards is essential for appreciating the state's natural heritage and understanding the local ecosystem. Let's explore some of the most commonly encountered native lizards in Florida:

1. Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis)

The Green Anole, often called the American Chameleon, is one of the most recognizable lizards in Florida. Its ability to change color from bright green to brown makes it a fascinating reptile to observe. This color change is influenced by factors such as temperature, humidity, and the lizard's emotional state. Primarily insectivorous, Green Anoles play a vital role in controlling insect populations in gardens and natural areas.

• Identifying Characteristics: Green Anoles are typically 5 to 8 inches in length, including their tail. They have a slender body, a pointed head, and smooth scales. Males possess a pink dewlap, a flap of skin under their throat that they extend to attract females or defend their territory. The dewlap is a key identifying feature, especially during breeding season.
• Habitat and Behavior: Green Anoles are arboreal, meaning they spend most of their time in trees and shrubs. They are active during the day, often seen basking in the sun to regulate their body temperature. These lizards are territorial, with males engaging in displays of aggression to protect their territory from rivals. Their diet consists mainly of insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates.
• Ecological Role: Green Anoles are an important part of the food web, serving as both predators and prey. They help control insect populations, and they are also a food source for birds, snakes, and larger lizards. Their presence is a sign of a healthy ecosystem.

2. Six-lined Racerunner (Aspidoscelis sexlineata)

The Six-lined Racerunner is a swift and agile lizard, aptly named for its speed and the six distinctive stripes that run along its body. This lizard is commonly found in open habitats with sandy soil, such as fields, dunes, and scrublands. Its quick movements and wary nature make it a challenge to observe, but its striking appearance is unmistakable.

• Identifying Characteristics: Six-lined Racerunners are slender lizards, typically 6 to 10 inches in length. They have a long tail, smooth scales, and six prominent light-colored stripes running down their dark brown or black body. Males often have a blue or greenish tint on their belly, especially during the breeding season. These lizards are built for speed, with long legs and a streamlined body.
• Habitat and Behavior: Six-lined Racerunners prefer open, sunny habitats with sandy soil and sparse vegetation. They are diurnal, meaning they are active during the day, and they are known for their incredible speed. These lizards forage for insects and other invertebrates, using their keen eyesight and agility to capture prey. They are shy and easily startled, often darting away at the first sign of danger.
• Ecological Role: Six-lined Racerunners are primarily insectivores, helping to control insect populations in their habitat. They are also a food source for larger predators, such as birds of prey and snakes. Their presence indicates a healthy grassland or scrubland ecosystem.

3. Florida Scrub Lizard (Sceloporus woodi)

The Florida Scrub Lizard is a small, spiny lizard that is endemic to Florida, meaning it is found nowhere else in the world. This lizard is adapted to the unique scrub habitat of Florida, characterized by sandy soil, low-growing vegetation, and frequent wildfires. The Florida Scrub Lizard is a species of conservation concern, as its habitat is threatened by development and fire suppression.

• Identifying Characteristics: Florida Scrub Lizards are small, typically 4 to 6 inches in length. They have rough, spiny scales and a flattened body. Males have bright blue patches on their belly and throat during the breeding season, while females have less distinct markings. Their coloration helps them blend in with the sandy soil and scrub vegetation of their habitat.
• Habitat and Behavior: Florida Scrub Lizards are found exclusively in scrub habitats, which are characterized by well-drained sandy soil and fire-maintained vegetation. They are diurnal and spend much of their time basking in the sun to regulate their body temperature. These lizards are insectivores, feeding on ants, beetles, and other small invertebrates. They are adapted to survive in a harsh environment with limited water and food resources.
• Ecological Role: Florida Scrub Lizards play a crucial role in the scrub ecosystem. They help control insect populations, and they are also a food source for birds, snakes, and other predators. Their presence is an indicator of a healthy scrub habitat, which is one of the most biodiverse ecosystems in Florida.

Common Non-Native Lizards of Florida

Florida's warm climate and active pet trade have led to the introduction of several non-native lizard species. While some of these species have had minimal impact on the ecosystem, others have become invasive, outcompeting native lizards and disrupting the balance of nature. Identifying these introduced species is crucial for understanding their potential impact and managing their populations. Let's explore some of the most common non-native lizards in Florida:

1. Brown Anole (Anolis sagrei)

The Brown Anole is one of the most abundant and widespread non-native lizards in Florida. Native to Cuba and the Bahamas, this lizard was introduced to Florida in the late 19th century and has since spread throughout the state. Brown Anoles are highly adaptable and have successfully colonized a variety of habitats, often outcompeting the native Green Anole for resources.

• Identifying Characteristics: Brown Anoles are typically 5 to 9 inches in length, including their tail. They have a rougher, more textured appearance than the Green Anole, with a range of colors from light brown to dark brown. Males have a prominent dewlap that is typically orange or reddish in color. Brown Anoles are often seen basking in sunny areas, and they can be quite aggressive.
• Habitat and Behavior: Brown Anoles are found in a variety of habitats, including urban areas, gardens, and natural forests. They are diurnal and active throughout the year in Florida's warm climate. These lizards are insectivores, feeding on a wide range of insects and other invertebrates. They are highly adaptable and can thrive in disturbed habitats, making them successful invaders.
• Ecological Role: Brown Anoles have a complex impact on the Florida ecosystem. They compete with native Green Anoles for food and habitat, and they have been shown to reduce Green Anole populations in some areas. They also serve as a food source for some native predators, but their overall impact is considered negative due to their competitive nature.

2. Cuban Knight Anole (Anolis equestris)

The Cuban Knight Anole is one of the largest anole species in the world, and it is a striking sight in Florida's urban and suburban areas. Native to Cuba, this lizard was introduced to Florida through the pet trade and has become established in several counties. Cuban Knight Anoles are known for their bold personality and impressive size.

• Identifying Characteristics: Cuban Knight Anoles can reach lengths of up to 20 inches, including their tail. They have a bright green body with a distinctive white or yellow stripe under their eyes. Males have a prominent casque, a bony structure on the back of their head. These lizards are powerful predators and have a strong bite.
• Habitat and Behavior: Cuban Knight Anoles are arboreal and prefer to live in trees and shrubs. They are diurnal and active during the day, often seen basking in the sun. These lizards are opportunistic predators, feeding on insects, other lizards, and even small birds and mammals. They are territorial and can be aggressive towards other lizards, including Green Anoles and Brown Anoles.
• Ecological Role: Cuban Knight Anoles have the potential to significantly impact the Florida ecosystem. Their large size and predatory habits allow them to prey on a wide range of animals, including native lizards and birds. They can also compete with native species for resources, further disrupting the balance of nature. Their presence is a concern for conservationists, and efforts are underway to control their populations in some areas.

3. Tokay Gecko (Gekko gecko)

The Tokay Gecko is a large and colorful gecko species that has become established in parts of Florida. Native to Southeast Asia, this lizard was introduced to Florida through the pet trade and has been found in several counties. Tokay Geckos are known for their loud call, which sounds like "to-kay," and their distinctive appearance.

• Identifying Characteristics: Tokay Geckos can reach lengths of up to 12 inches. They have a gray or bluish-gray body with bright orange or reddish spots. Their eyes are large and yellow, and they have strong jaws and sharp teeth. Tokay Geckos are nocturnal, meaning they are active at night.
• Habitat and Behavior: Tokay Geckos are typically found in urban and suburban areas, often near buildings and other structures. They are nocturnal and spend the day hiding in crevices and undergrowth. These lizards are opportunistic predators, feeding on insects, spiders, and other small invertebrates. They are known for their loud call, which they use to communicate with each other.
• Ecological Role: The ecological impact of Tokay Geckos in Florida is still being studied. They are known to prey on insects, which could have some benefits, but they also compete with native gecko species for resources. Their large size and predatory habits make them a potential threat to native wildlife, and their presence is a concern for conservationists.

Tips for Identifying Lizards in Florida

Identifying lizards in Florida can be a rewarding experience, but it requires careful observation and attention to detail. Here are some tips to help you identify the lizards you encounter:

• Observe Size and Shape: Note the overall size and shape of the lizard. Is it slender or stocky? How long is the tail compared to the body? These characteristics can help narrow down the possibilities.
• Examine Color and Markings: Pay attention to the lizard's coloration and any distinctive markings, such as stripes, spots, or patterns. Are there any bright colors, such as blue or orange? These details can be key identifying features.
• Look for a Dewlap: Male anoles often have a dewlap, a flap of skin under their throat that they extend to attract females or defend their territory. The color and size of the dewlap can be helpful in identifying the species.
• Consider Habitat and Behavior: Where did you see the lizard? Was it in a tree, on the ground, or near a building? Was it active during the day or at night? These factors can provide clues about the lizard's identity.
• Use Field Guides and Resources: Consult field guides and online resources to compare your observations with known lizard species. There are many excellent guides available that include detailed descriptions and photographs.

Conclusion

Florida's diverse lizard population is a testament to the state's rich biodiversity. From the adaptable Brown Anole to the endemic Florida Scrub Lizard, each species plays a unique role in the ecosystem. By understanding the characteristics, habitats, and behaviors of these reptiles, we can better appreciate and protect Florida's natural heritage. This guide has provided a comprehensive overview of the most common lizards found in Florida, equipping you with the knowledge to confidently answer the question: "What kind of lizard is this in Florida?" Remember to observe lizards from a respectful distance and avoid disturbing their habitat. With a little patience and curiosity, you can unlock the fascinating world of Florida's lizards.