The Ultimate Guide To Custom Keyboards Exploring Squirrel Bits And Beyond

Custom mechanical keyboards have transcended beyond mere input devices; they are now a passionate hobby, a form of self-expression, and a pursuit of the perfect typing experience. The world of custom keyboards is vast and intricate, filled with a plethora of components, designs, and modifications that allow enthusiasts to create a keyboard perfectly tailored to their preferences. This exploration into custom keyboards embarks on a journey to uncover the nuances of this fascinating world, where squirrel bits – the delightful, quirky components and accessories – add character and flair to these personalized creations. From the tactile feel of the switches to the aesthetics of the keycaps, every element can be customized, making the process of building a custom keyboard a deeply personal and rewarding endeavor. This guide will delve into the key aspects of custom keyboards, providing a comprehensive understanding for both beginners and experienced enthusiasts looking to expand their knowledge and build the keyboard of their dreams.

The allure of custom mechanical keyboards stems from the unparalleled level of personalization and the tactile satisfaction they provide. Unlike mass-produced keyboards, custom keyboards allow users to meticulously select each component, ensuring that the final product perfectly aligns with their individual needs and preferences. The ability to choose from a vast array of switches, keycaps, layouts, and cases opens up a world of possibilities, enabling users to create a keyboard that is not only functional but also a reflection of their personal style.

Mechanical keyboards, the foundation of custom builds, offer a distinct advantage over their membrane counterparts. Each key utilizes an individual mechanical switch, providing a tactile and auditory feedback that enhances the typing experience. This tactile feedback, often described as a “bump” or a “click,” allows users to feel the precise moment a key is registered, leading to improved accuracy and typing speed. The satisfying sound of mechanical switches further contributes to the allure, creating an auditory experience that is both pleasing and engaging. Moreover, mechanical switches are renowned for their durability, often boasting lifespans of 50 million keystrokes or more, making them a long-lasting investment for avid typists and gamers alike.

Customization extends beyond the functional aspects of a keyboard; it encompasses the aesthetic realm as well. Keycaps, the visual centerpiece of a keyboard, come in a myriad of materials, profiles, and designs. From classic Cherry profile keycaps to sculpted SA profile keycaps, each offers a unique feel and appearance. The materials used, such as ABS plastic, PBT plastic, and even more exotic materials like metal or resin, further influence the texture and sound of the keyboard. The designs and colorways available are virtually limitless, ranging from minimalist monochrome sets to vibrant, artistic creations that transform the keyboard into a work of art. This unparalleled level of aesthetic customization allows users to express their individuality and create a keyboard that seamlessly integrates into their workspace or gaming setup.

To embark on the journey of building a custom keyboard, it's crucial to understand the anatomy of these intricate devices. Each component plays a vital role in the overall feel, sound, and aesthetics of the final product. The key components of a custom keyboard include the case, PCB (Printed Circuit Board), switches, keycaps, stabilizers, and cable. Let's delve into each of these components to gain a comprehensive understanding:

The Case: The case serves as the foundation of the keyboard, housing all the internal components and dictating the overall form factor. Cases come in a variety of materials, including aluminum, plastic, and wood, each offering a distinct aesthetic and acoustic profile. Aluminum cases, known for their durability and premium feel, often produce a deeper, more resonant sound. Plastic cases, on the other hand, are lighter and more affordable, while wood cases offer a unique warmth and natural aesthetic. Cases also vary in layout and size, ranging from compact 60% layouts to full-size 100% layouts, catering to different needs and preferences.

The PCB (Printed Circuit Board): The PCB is the electronic heart of the keyboard, connecting all the switches and transmitting keystrokes to the computer. PCBs come in various layouts and can support different features, such as backlighting, per-key RGB lighting, and programmability. Hot-swappable PCBs are particularly popular in the custom keyboard community, as they allow users to easily swap out switches without soldering, making it convenient to experiment with different switch types and customize the typing experience. The programmability of the PCB enables users to remap keys, create custom macros, and personalize the keyboard's functionality to suit their specific workflow.

Switches: Switches are the mechanical components beneath the keycaps that register keystrokes. They are arguably the most critical component in determining the feel and sound of a mechanical keyboard. Switches are categorized into three main types: linear, tactile, and clicky. Linear switches offer a smooth, consistent keystroke with no tactile feedback or audible click. Tactile switches provide a noticeable bump when the key is actuated, giving users a clear indication of when the keystroke has been registered. Clicky switches combine tactile feedback with an audible click, offering a distinct and satisfying typing experience. Within each category, there are countless variations in terms of actuation force, travel distance, and sound profile, allowing users to fine-tune their typing experience to their exact preferences. Brands like Cherry MX, Gateron, and Kailh are renowned for their extensive range of switches, each with its unique characteristics.

Keycaps: Keycaps are the caps that sit atop the switches, providing the visual and tactile interface for typing. They come in a vast array of materials, profiles, and designs, offering a significant opportunity for customization. The most common materials are ABS plastic and PBT plastic. ABS keycaps are known for their vibrant colors and smooth texture, but they tend to develop a shine over time with use. PBT keycaps, on the other hand, are more durable and resistant to shine, offering a more textured feel. Keycap profiles, such as Cherry, OEM, and SA, refer to the shape and height of the keycaps, influencing the ergonomics and aesthetics of the keyboard. The designs and colorways available are virtually limitless, ranging from minimalist sets to artistic creations that transform the keyboard into a statement piece.

Stabilizers: Stabilizers are small plastic or metal components that support larger keys, such as the spacebar, Shift keys, and Enter key. They prevent these keys from wobbling and ensure a consistent keystroke. High-quality stabilizers are crucial for a smooth and satisfying typing experience, as poorly stabilized keys can feel mushy and produce unwanted noise. Stabilizers can be modified with lubricants and other techniques to further enhance their performance and reduce rattle.

Cable: The cable connects the keyboard to the computer, transmitting the keystroke signals. While often overlooked, the cable can also be a point of customization. Custom cables, often featuring vibrant colors, braided sleeves, and detachable connectors, add a touch of personality to the keyboard setup. Detachable cables also offer practical benefits, making it easier to transport and store the keyboard.

The world of custom keyboards offers a diverse range of layouts and sizes, each catering to specific needs and preferences. Understanding the different options available is crucial in selecting the perfect keyboard for your individual workflow and ergonomic requirements. Keyboard layouts are broadly categorized by the percentage of keys they retain compared to a full-size keyboard, with the most common layouts being full-size (100%), tenkeyless (TKL) (80%), 75%, 65%, and 60%.

Full-size (100%) Keyboards: Full-size keyboards, the most traditional layout, include all 104 keys, including the alphanumeric keys, function row, navigation cluster, and numpad. This layout is ideal for users who frequently use the numpad for data entry or calculations. The full complement of keys provides maximum functionality, making it a versatile option for a wide range of tasks. However, the larger size can be less ergonomic for some users, requiring more reaching and potentially leading to strain. Full-size keyboards also take up more desk space, which may be a consideration for those with limited workspace.

Tenkeyless (TKL) (80%) Keyboards: Tenkeyless (TKL) keyboards, also known as 80% keyboards, eliminate the numpad, resulting in a more compact form factor. This layout retains all the alphanumeric keys, function row, and navigation cluster, providing a balance between functionality and ergonomics. The absence of the numpad allows for a more centered typing position, reducing the need to reach and potentially minimizing strain. TKL keyboards are a popular choice among gamers and programmers who prioritize ergonomics and desk space without sacrificing essential keys.

75% Keyboards: 75% keyboards offer a slightly more compact form factor than TKL keyboards while still retaining the function row and navigation cluster. These keyboards typically arrange the navigation keys vertically along the right edge of the keyboard, maximizing space efficiency. 75% keyboards are a great option for users who want a more compact keyboard without sacrificing the functionality of the function row and navigation keys.

65% Keyboards: 65% keyboards take compactness to the next level, eliminating the function row and often integrating the navigation keys into a secondary layer accessible via a function key. This layout is popular among users who prioritize portability and minimalist aesthetics. While the lack of a dedicated function row may require some adjustment, the compact size makes 65% keyboards ideal for travel and tight workspaces.

60% Keyboards: 60% keyboards are the smallest commonly used layout, omitting the function row, navigation cluster, and arrow keys. These keyboards rely heavily on function layers to access secondary functions, requiring users to memorize key combinations. 60% keyboards are the ultimate in portability and minimalism, favored by enthusiasts who prioritize aesthetics and desk space above all else. The highly compact form factor can take some getting used to, but the clean look and portability make it a compelling choice for many users.

In addition to these common layouts, there are also more niche layouts, such as 40% keyboards, which further reduce the number of keys, and ergonomic layouts, which are designed to promote a more natural hand and wrist position. Ultimately, the best keyboard layout for you will depend on your individual needs, preferences, and typing style.

Mechanical keyboard switches are the heart and soul of the typing experience, dictating the feel, sound, and overall responsiveness of the keyboard. The world of switches is vast and diverse, with countless options available, each offering a unique typing experience. Understanding the different types of switches and their characteristics is crucial in selecting the perfect switches for your custom keyboard. Mechanical keyboard switches are broadly categorized into three main types: linear, tactile, and clicky. Each type offers a distinct typing experience, catering to different preferences and use cases.

Linear Switches: Linear switches are characterized by their smooth, consistent keystroke with no tactile feedback or audible click. The keypress is fluid and uninterrupted, making them ideal for fast-paced gaming and typing where speed and responsiveness are paramount. Linear switches are often favored by gamers who appreciate the smooth, predictable keystroke and the ability to quickly actuate keys in rapid succession. The absence of tactile feedback allows for faster key presses, as there is no bump to overcome during actuation. This can be advantageous in competitive gaming scenarios where milliseconds matter. Linear switches are also a popular choice for typists who prefer a smooth, consistent feel and a quieter typing experience. The lack of a clicky sound makes them suitable for shared workspaces and noise-sensitive environments. Common linear switches include Cherry MX Red, Cherry MX Black, Gateron Red, and Gateron Black. These switches vary in actuation force and travel distance, allowing users to fine-tune the feel to their preference.

Tactile Switches: Tactile switches provide a noticeable bump when the key is actuated, giving users a clear indication of when the keystroke has been registered. This tactile feedback allows for greater typing accuracy and control, making tactile switches a popular choice for typists and programmers. The bump provides a physical confirmation of the keystroke, reducing the likelihood of typos and improving overall typing efficiency. Tactile switches strike a balance between speed and accuracy, making them a versatile option for a wide range of tasks. The tactile feedback can also be satisfying to some users, providing a more engaging typing experience. Common tactile switches include Cherry MX Brown, Cherry MX Clear, Gateron Brown, and ZealPC switches. These switches vary in the intensity of the tactile bump and the actuation force required, allowing users to choose a switch that matches their preferred level of feedback.

Clicky Switches: Clicky switches combine tactile feedback with an audible click, offering a distinct and satisfying typing experience. The clicky sound provides an auditory confirmation of the keystroke, further enhancing typing accuracy and control. Clicky switches are often favored by users who enjoy the tactile and auditory feedback and the satisfying feeling of each keystroke. The clicky sound can be quite addictive, making typing a more engaging and enjoyable experience. However, the audible click can be disruptive in shared workspaces or noise-sensitive environments. Clicky switches are a popular choice for users who work alone or in environments where noise is not a concern. Common clicky switches include Cherry MX Blue, Cherry MX Green, and Kailh BOX White. These switches vary in the loudness of the click and the intensity of the tactile feedback, allowing users to choose a switch that suits their auditory and tactile preferences.

Keycaps are the visual and tactile interface of a keyboard, playing a significant role in the overall aesthetics and typing experience. They are the caps that sit atop the switches, providing the surface that users interact with when typing. Keycaps come in a vast array of materials, profiles, and designs, offering a significant opportunity for customization. The choice of keycaps can dramatically alter the look, feel, and sound of a keyboard, making it a crucial consideration in the custom keyboard building process. The materials used in keycap construction significantly influence their durability, texture, and sound. The two most common materials are ABS plastic and PBT plastic, each with its unique characteristics.

ABS (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) Plastic: ABS keycaps are known for their vibrant colors and smooth texture. They are relatively inexpensive to manufacture, making them a common choice for stock keycaps on many pre-built keyboards. ABS plastic is easy to mold, allowing for intricate designs and legends (the characters printed on the keycaps). However, ABS keycaps are prone to developing a shine over time with use, as the smooth surface wears down from finger contact. This shine can detract from the aesthetic appeal of the keycaps, especially on darker colors. Despite this drawback, ABS keycaps remain a popular choice for their vibrant colors and affordability. The smooth texture can also be preferable for some users, providing a comfortable typing experience.

PBT (Polybutylene Terephthalate) Plastic: PBT keycaps are renowned for their durability and resistance to shine. They are made from a denser, more robust plastic than ABS, making them significantly more resistant to wear and tear. PBT keycaps have a slightly textured feel, which many users find more pleasing and grippy than the smooth surface of ABS keycaps. The textured surface also helps to prevent shine from developing over time. PBT keycaps are generally more expensive than ABS keycaps due to the higher cost of the material and manufacturing process. However, their durability and resistance to shine make them a worthwhile investment for users who value longevity and a consistent typing experience. PBT keycaps are a popular choice among custom keyboard enthusiasts for their premium feel and long-lasting quality.

Keycap profiles refer to the shape and height of the keycaps, influencing the ergonomics and aesthetics of the keyboard. Different profiles offer distinct typing experiences, catering to various preferences and typing styles. Common keycap profiles include Cherry, OEM, SA, and DSA, each with its unique characteristics. Cherry Profile: Cherry profile keycaps are a popular choice for their comfortable and ergonomic design. They have a relatively low profile, with a cylindrical top that conforms to the shape of the fingertip. Cherry profile keycaps are widely regarded as one of the most comfortable profiles for typing, providing a natural and ergonomic feel. They are a common choice for both pre-built and custom keyboards, and many popular keycap sets are available in the Cherry profile.

OEM Profile: OEM profile keycaps are similar to Cherry profile keycaps in terms of shape and height but are slightly taller overall. They have a cylindrical top and a sculpted profile, meaning that the keycaps in each row have a different height and angle. OEM profile keycaps are a common choice for stock keycaps on many pre-built keyboards. The sculpted profile provides a comfortable typing experience, and the slightly taller height can be preferable for some users.

SA Profile: SA profile keycaps are characterized by their tall, spherical shape and vintage aesthetic. They have a pronounced curvature on the top surface, providing a distinct and retro feel. SA profile keycaps are significantly taller than Cherry and OEM profile keycaps, which can take some getting used to. However, many users appreciate the unique look and feel of SA profile keycaps, and they are a popular choice for custom keyboards. The tall profile and spherical shape create a distinct typing experience that is both visually striking and tactilely satisfying.

DSA Profile: DSA profile keycaps have a uniform, flat profile, meaning that all the keycaps are the same height and shape. They have a smooth, cylindrical top and a minimalist aesthetic. DSA profile keycaps are often made from PBT plastic, making them durable and resistant to shine. The uniform profile can take some getting used to, as there is no sculpted shape to guide the fingers. However, many users appreciate the clean and minimalist look of DSA profile keycaps, and they are a popular choice for custom keyboards.

Beyond materials and profiles, keycaps offer a vast canvas for aesthetic customization. The designs and colorways available are virtually limitless, ranging from minimalist monochrome sets to vibrant, artistic creations that transform the keyboard into a statement piece. Keycaps can feature intricate legends, custom artwork, and unique color combinations, allowing users to express their individuality and create a keyboard that is truly their own. The aesthetic possibilities are endless, making keycaps a central element in the custom keyboard building process.

While switches and keycaps often steal the spotlight in the custom keyboard world, stabilizers and cables are the unsung heroes that play a crucial role in the overall typing experience and aesthetics of a custom build. Stabilizers ensure that larger keys, such as the spacebar, Shift keys, and Enter key, feel stable and consistent, while custom cables add a touch of personality and functionality to the setup. Stabilizers are small plastic or metal components that support larger keys, preventing them from wobbling and ensuring a smooth, consistent keystroke. They are essential for a high-quality typing experience, as poorly stabilized keys can feel mushy, rattle, and produce unwanted noise. Stabilizers are typically mounted to the PCB and support the keycap from underneath, preventing it from tilting or wobbling when pressed.

There are two main types of stabilizers: plate-mounted and PCB-mounted. Plate-mounted stabilizers are attached to the keyboard plate, the metal or plastic plate that sits between the PCB and the switches. They are easier to install and remove than PCB-mounted stabilizers, making them a popular choice for beginners. However, plate-mounted stabilizers can sometimes be less stable and more prone to rattling than PCB-mounted stabilizers. PCB-mounted stabilizers, on the other hand, are attached directly to the PCB, providing a more secure and stable connection. They are generally considered to be superior in terms of stability and noise reduction but are more challenging to install and remove. PCB-mounted stabilizers require desoldering the switches to access the mounting points, making them a less convenient option for users who frequently swap out keycaps or switches.

The quality of stabilizers can significantly impact the typing experience, and many enthusiasts invest time and effort in modifying their stabilizers to improve their performance. Stabilizer modifications, such as clipping, lubing, and band-aiding, can reduce rattle, improve smoothness, and enhance the overall feel of the larger keys. Clipping involves trimming the plastic feet of the stabilizer stems to reduce friction and prevent them from rubbing against the housing. Lubing involves applying a small amount of lubricant to the stabilizer stems and housings to reduce friction and noise. Band-aiding involves placing small pieces of adhesive bandage material between the stabilizer and the PCB to dampen vibrations and reduce rattle. These modifications, while time-consuming, can significantly improve the feel and sound of stabilized keys.

Custom cables are another often-overlooked aspect of custom keyboards that can add a touch of personality and functionality to the setup. While the stock cable that comes with most keyboards serves its basic purpose, custom cables offer a range of aesthetic and functional benefits. Custom cables are typically made from high-quality materials, such as braided paracord and Techflex sleeving, which provide durability and a premium look. They are available in a wide range of colors and patterns, allowing users to match their cable to their keyboard, keycaps, or desk setup. Custom cables often feature detachable connectors, such as USB-C or Mini-USB, which make it easy to swap out cables or connect the keyboard to different devices. Detachable connectors also add a touch of convenience, making it easier to transport and store the keyboard. Many custom cables also include coiled sections, which add a stylish aesthetic and prevent the cable from tangling or taking up excess space on the desk.

In addition to aesthetics, custom cables can also offer functional benefits. High-quality cables can provide a more stable and reliable connection, ensuring that keystrokes are accurately transmitted to the computer. Custom cables can also be shorter or longer than stock cables, allowing users to optimize the cable length for their specific desk setup. The ability to choose the cable length can help to reduce clutter and improve cable management. Custom cables are a relatively affordable way to add a personal touch to a custom keyboard build, and they can significantly enhance the overall aesthetic appeal of the setup.

Building a custom keyboard can seem daunting at first, but with a systematic approach and a little patience, anyone can create a keyboard tailored to their exact preferences. This step-by-step guide will walk you through the process, from gathering the necessary components to assembling the final product. Before embarking on your custom keyboard journey, it's essential to plan and research your build. Consider your budget, desired layout, switch type, keycap profile, and overall aesthetic. Research different components and read reviews to ensure you're making informed decisions. It's also helpful to browse online communities and forums to gather inspiration and learn from the experiences of other custom keyboard enthusiasts. Once you have a clear vision for your build, you can start gathering the necessary components.

The first step in building your custom keyboard is to gather all the necessary components. This includes the case, PCB, switches, keycaps, stabilizers, and cable. Make sure to purchase components that are compatible with each other, such as a PCB that supports your desired layout and switches that fit the PCB's mounting style. It's also a good idea to order a few extra switches in case of any defects or issues during installation. Once you have all the components, it's time to prepare the stabilizers. If you're using PCB-mounted stabilizers, you'll need to install them onto the PCB before installing the switches. Plate-mounted stabilizers can be installed either before or after the switches. Stabilizer modification, such as clipping, lubing, and band-aiding, can significantly improve the feel and sound of the stabilized keys. If you're planning to modify your stabilizers, now is the time to do so.

Next is the switch installation. If you're using a hot-swappable PCB, you can simply press the switches into the sockets on the PCB. If you're using a non-hot-swappable PCB, you'll need to solder the switches to the PCB. Soldering requires some basic soldering skills and equipment, so it's essential to practice beforehand if you're new to soldering. Ensure that the switches are properly aligned and fully inserted into the PCB before soldering. After installing the switches, it's time to mount the PCB into the case. Most cases have mounting standoffs that align with the screw holes on the PCB. Secure the PCB to the case using screws, being careful not to overtighten them. Once the PCB is mounted, you can install the keycaps onto the switches. Align the keycaps with the switch stems and press them down firmly until they click into place. Ensure that the keycaps are properly seated and aligned.

The final step is to connect the cable and test the keyboard. Plug the custom cable into the keyboard and the computer. Test all the keys to ensure that they are functioning correctly. If any keys are not working, double-check the switch installation and soldering (if applicable). Once you've verified that all the keys are working, your custom keyboard is complete. Take a moment to admire your creation and enjoy the fruits of your labor. Building a custom keyboard is a rewarding experience that allows you to create a truly unique and personalized input device.

The world of custom keyboards is a fascinating and rewarding hobby that offers endless possibilities for personalization and self-expression. From the tactile feel of the switches to the aesthetics of the keycaps, every element can be customized to create a keyboard that perfectly aligns with your individual needs and preferences. Exploring the world of custom keyboards, with its squirrel bits and intricate components, opens up a realm of creativity and craftsmanship. Whether you're a seasoned enthusiast or a curious beginner, the journey of building a custom keyboard is an enriching experience that yields a unique and satisfying result. The ability to fine-tune the typing experience to your exact liking is a compelling draw for many, and the vibrant community surrounding custom keyboards provides a wealth of knowledge and support. The satisfaction of typing on a keyboard that you've meticulously crafted is unparalleled, and the endless possibilities for customization ensure that the journey never truly ends.

The custom keyboard community is a vibrant and welcoming space filled with passionate individuals who share a love for mechanical keyboards and customization. Online forums, social media groups, and meetups provide opportunities to connect with fellow enthusiasts, share knowledge, and showcase custom builds. The community is a valuable resource for learning about new products, techniques, and trends in the custom keyboard world. Whether you're seeking advice on choosing the right switches or inspiration for your next build, the custom keyboard community is a supportive and collaborative environment. The shared passion for custom keyboards fosters a sense of camaraderie and encourages creativity and innovation.

The journey into custom keyboards is a continuous exploration, with new components, designs, and techniques constantly emerging. The endless possibilities for customization ensure that there's always something new to discover and experiment with. The ability to personalize every aspect of the keyboard, from the switches and keycaps to the case and cable, allows users to create a truly unique and expressive input device. The custom keyboard world is a testament to the power of individual expression and the pursuit of the perfect typing experience. As you delve deeper into this fascinating hobby, you'll discover the joy of crafting a keyboard that is not only functional but also a reflection of your personal style and preferences. So, embrace the challenge, explore the possibilities, and embark on your own custom keyboard adventure.